Describe sun yat sen biography of dr

In , the chapter grew in membership to , and in , when Sun was in Singapore to escape the Qing government in the wake of the failed Zhennanguan Uprising, the chapter had become the regional headquarters for Tongmenghui branches in Southeast Asia. Sun Yat-sen and his followers traveled from Singapore to Malaya and Indonesia to spread their revolutionary message, by which time the alliance already had over twenty branches with over 3, members around the world.

Sun Yat-sen's foresight in tapping in to the help and resources of the overseas Chinese population was to bear fruit in his subsequent revolutionary efforts. In one particular instance, his personal plea for financial assistance at the Penang Conference held on November 13, , in Malaya, launched a major drive for donations across the Malay Peninsula, an effort which helped finance the Second Guangzhou Uprising also commonly known as the Yellow Flower Mound revolt in The role that overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia played during the Revolution was so significant that Sun Yat-sen himself recognized "Overseas Chinese as the Mother of the Revolution.

In Penang, the Penang Philomatic Union which was founded by Sun in , has embarked on a heritage project to turn its premises at 65 Macalister Road into Dr. Sun Yat-sen Museum. The project is expected to be completed in late According to one study, Sun Yat-sen used at least thirty different names, courtesy names and aliases during his lifetime.

When he became known by Chinese authorities for his revolutionary activities, he was listed as "Sun Wen," and this is how he was known by Chinese authorities until his death. After attaining public office, he consistently used this name, Sun Wen, to sign official documents. This is the name he used while a student in Hong Kong. Unlike Standard Mandarin, both pseudonyms are pronounced similarly in the local Cantonese: Yat-sen.

As this was the name that he used in his frequent contacts with Westerners at the time, he has become known under this name with Cantonese pronunciation in the West. In , Sun Yat-sen arrived in Japan , and when he went to a hotel he had to register his name. Often, it is shortened to Zhongshan Chung-shan. In mainland China, the title "Forerunner of the Revolution" is sometimes used instead.

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Sun Yat-sen back row, fifth from left and his family. Sun Yat-sen in Guangzhou , Sun Yat-Sen class of Retrieved December 20, Retrieved August 18, Warlord era in early Republic of China edit. Credits New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards.

Categories : Politicians and reformers Philosophers Philosophy and religion Philosophy Politics and social sciences Biography History and biography. Privacy policy. About New World Encyclopedia. See Terms of Use for details. Sun Yat-sen. Upon graduation in , he returned to his native village. After learning about Christianity, Sun had come to believe that the religious practices in the village where he grew up were nothing more than superstitions.

He soon showed these changed beliefs by damaging one of the village idols and was banished from the village. Though Sun returned home briefly to undergo an arranged marriage, he spent his late teens and early twenties studying in Hong Kong. He began his medical training in Canton, China, but in returned to Hong Kong and enrolled in the school of medicine.

After graduation in June , he went to Macao, where Portuguese authorities refused to give him a license to practice medicine. Upset by the Manchu government's corruption, inefficiency, and inability to defend China against foreign powers, he wrote a letter to Li Hung-chang — , one of China's most important reform leaders social-improvement leaders , supporting a program of reform.

When war between China and Japan appeared to present possibilities for the overthrow of the Manchus, Sun returned to Hong Kong and reorganized the Hsing-chung hui as a revolutionary secret society. An uprising was planned in Canton in but was discovered, and several of Sun's men were executed. Having become a marked man, Sun fled to Japan.

The pattern for Sun's career was established: unorganized plots, failures, execution of coconspirators, overseas wanderings, and financial backing for further coups hostile takeovers. Sun grew a moustache, donned Western-style clothes, and, posing as a Japanese man, set out once again, first to Hawaii, then to San Francisco , and finally to England to visit a former school instructor.

Before leaving England, he often visited the reading room of the British Museum , where he became acquainted with the writings of Karl Marx — Joined by other revolutionists such as Huang Hsing and Sung Chiao-jen — , Sun organized, and was elected director of, the T'ungmeng hui Revolutionary Alliance. The T'ung-meng hui was carefully organized, with a sophisticated and highly educated membership core drawn from all over China.

By this time Sun's ideas had developed into the "Three People's Principles" — his writings on nationalism, democracy, and people's livelihood. When Sun returned from another fundraising trip in the fall of , his student following in Japan numbered in the thousands. However, under pressure from the government in China, the Japanese government threw him out.

The failure of a series of poorly planned and armed coups relying upon the scattered forces of secret societies and rebel bands had reduced the reputation of the T'ungmeng hui in Southeast Asia. However, Sun found that Chinese opinion in the United States was turning against his rivals. Sun visited the United States and was on a successful fundraising tour when he read in a newspaper that a successful revolt had occurred in the central Yangtze Valley city of Wuchang, China.

An uneasy welcome greeted him, and in Nanking, China, revolutionaries from fourteen provinces elected him president of a provisional temporary government. The next year a bitter power struggle developed in the Chinese government. Sun hurried back and demanded that those responsible be brought to justice. By early December, Sun was once again a political refugee one who is forced to flee in Japan.

His attempt to replace the republic with a monarchy rule by one touched off revolts in southwestern China followed by uprisings of Sun's followers in several other provinces. Following a fruitless quest for Japanese assistance, Sun established a home in Shanghai. There he wrote two of the three treatises formal writings later incorporated into his Chien-kuo fang-lueh Principles of National Reconstruction.

In the first part, Social Reconstruction, completed in February , Sun attributed the failure of democracy rule by the people in China to the people's lack of practice and application. The second treatise, Psychological Reconstruction, argued that popular acceptance of his program had been obstructed by acceptance of the old saying "Knowledge is difficult, action is easy.

Once again Sun reorganized his party, this time as the Chinese Kuomintang. He also kept a hand in the political world in Canton, China. When the city was occupied on October 26, , by Ch'en Chiung-ming and other supporters, Sun named Ch'en governor of Kwangtung, China. In April the Canton Parliament established a new government to rival the Peking government and elected Sun president.

After driving Ch'en from Peking, Sun resumed preparation for the northern expedition, but Ch'en recaptured Canton and forced Sun to flee to a gunboat in the Pearl River. There, in the company of a young military aide named Chiang Kai-shek — , Sun tried unsuccessfully to engineer a comeback. Never one to be discouraged by failure, Sun returned to Shanghai and continued his plans to retake Canton through alliances with northern warlords military commanders of independent armies.

About this time, Sun accepted support from the Soviet Union , a mark of his disappointment with the Western powers and Japan and his need for political, military, and financial aid. On January 26, , the Soviet Union guaranteed its support for the reunification of China. This would give Sun the muscle he needed. In January the first National Congress of the Kuomintang approved a new constitution a formal document which sets the standards for a government , which remodeled the party along Soviet lines.

At the top of the party was the Central Executive Committee with bureaus in charge of propaganda using literature and the media to influence the masses , workers, peasants, youth, women, investigation, and military affairs. Sun's Three People's Principles were restated to emphasize anti-imperialism domination by a foreign power and the leading role of the party.

Even the most disciplined party, Sun realized, would be ineffective without a military arm. The Soviets agreed to help establish a military academy, and a mission headed by Chiang kai-shek was sent to the Soviet Union to secure assistance. In response to an invitation from Chang Tso-lin — and Tuan Ch'i-jui — , Sun set out for Peking to discuss the future of China.

Following several months of deteriorating health, in late , Sun found that he had incurable cancer. Sun passed his final days by signing the pithy "political testament," urging his followers to hold true to his goals in carrying the revolution through to victory. He also signed a highly controversial valedictory farewell address to the Soviet Union to reaffirm the alliance against Western domination.

The following day, March 12, , Sun died in Peking, China. After his death he became the object of a cult a following that elevated him to a sacred position. Sun Yat-sen. Edited by Janet Lloyd. Gasster, Michael. Chinese Intellectuals and the Revolution of Seattle : University of Washington Press, Wells, Audrey. New York : Palgrave, The cult of Sun seems to be one common denominator across the hostile Taiwan Strait.

Such accolade is not shared by Western scholars, who have tried to demythologize Sun. In the chaotic times of the late Qing and early Republic, Sun, above all else, emerges as a paragon of revolution not necessarily because of his leadership in uprisings and politics but because of his writings. The Three Principles of the People is a compilation of his speeches, the version rendered definitive by his death more than anything else.

It is an irony of history that this hodgepodge of ideas, by no means systematic and insightful, and derivative of American government apparatus, should become the sacred text for school children and university programs in Taiwan. It was yet another unfortunate choice that Sun used colonization for his plans regarding Tibet and Xinjiang, but it was a sign of the times.

His body was buried there in in a large and stately mausoleum. You can learn more about his life and legacy by visiting memorials and museums set up in Nanjing , Guangzhou , Hong Kong and other cities in China. Be the first to receive exciting updates, exclusive promotions, and valuable travel tips from our team of experts. Home Chinese Culture China History.

Accomplishments China's first president Helped to lead and hasten the end of dynastic rule One of the first trained medical doctors Upbringing Dr. Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall in Guangzhou. Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum in Nanjing. Create my trip. Get Inspired with Some Popular Itineraries. More Travel Ideas and Inspiration. Start planning your tailor-made tour with help from our travel advisors.

Create Your Trip. Sign up to Our Newsletter Be the first to receive exciting updates, exclusive promotions, and valuable travel tips from our team of experts. Click to Sign up. Why China Highlights. At stake in the struggle was the right to lay claim to Sun's ambiguous legacy. In , Chiang married Soong Mei-ling , a sister of Sun's widow Soong Ching-ling , and he could now claim to be a brother-in-law of Sun.

When the Communists and the Kuomintang split in , which marked the start of the Chinese Civil War , each group claimed to be his true heirs, and the conflict that continued until World War II. Sun's widow, Soong Ching-ling , sided with the Communists during the Chinese Civil War and was critical of Chiang's regime since the Shanghai massacre in She served from to as vice-president or vice-chairwoman of the People's Republic of China and as honorary president shortly before her death in The cult was created after Sun Yat-sen died.

Chinese Muslim generals and imams participated in the personality cult and the one-party state , with Muslim General Ma Bufang making people bow to Sun's portrait and listen to the national anthem during a Tibetan and Mongol religious ceremony for the Qinghai Lake god. The Kuomintang's constitution designated Sun as the party president.

After his death, the Kuomintang opted to keep that language in its constitution to honor his memory forever. The party has since been headed by a director-general — and a chairman since , who discharge the functions of the president. Though he took a stance against idolatry in life, Sun sometimes became worshiped as a god among people. Sun is already worshipped in the syncretic Vietnamese religion of Caodaism.

Sun Yat-sen remains unique among 20th-century Chinese leaders for having a high reputation in both Mainland China and Taiwan. In recent years, the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party has increasingly invoked Sun, partly as a way of bolstering Chinese nationalism in light of the Chinese economic reform and partly to increase connections with supporters of the Kuomintang on Taiwan, which the People's Republic of China sees as allies against Taiwan independence.

Sun's tomb was one of the first stops made by the leaders of both the Kuomintang and the People First Party on their pan-blue visit to mainland China in In , Mao Zedong said, "Let us pay tribute to our great revolutionary forerunner, Dr. Sun Yat-sen! Xi Jinping incorporates Sun's legacy into his discourse on national rejuvenation.

Sun's Three Principles of the People has been reinterpreted by the Chinese Communist Party to argue that communism is a necessary conclusion of them and thus provide legitimacy for the government. She again voiced her displeasure in in a private letter to Jiang about the distortion of history. According to Ming Pao , she did not take the money because then she would not "have the freedom to properly communicate the Revolution.

The emblem of the KMT had been removed from the top of his sacrificial hall at the time of her visit but was later restored. However, after , as a result of the Chiang regime's arrival in Taiwan, his "father of the nation" designation continued only in Taiwan. Sun visited Taiwan briefly on only three occasions in , , and or four by counting , when his boat had stopped in Keelung Harbor, but he did not disembark.

Instead, Sun was a foreigner from mainland China. As a lifelong Christian who never left Christianity, Sun Yat-sen was a loyal follower of Western modernity and Christianity [ ] and saw it as the best way to develop the Chinese nation. He went on foreign trips to gather support and resources of Western and Christian nations. Sun Yat-sen spent years in Hawaii as a student in the late s and early s and was highly impressed with the economic development that he saw there.

He used the Kingdom of Hawaii as a model to develop his vision of a technologically modern, politically independent, actively anti-imperialist China. He focused on China, with its vast potential and weak base of mostly local entrepreneurs. He also proposed, "If we use existing foreign capital to build up a future communist society in China, half the work will bring double the results.

Sun promoted the ideas of the economist Henry George and was influenced by Georgist ideas on land ownership and a land value tax. Sun supported natalism and had eugenic ideals. Sun was a proponent of Pan-Asianism. He said that Asia was the "cradle of the world's oldest civilisation" and that "even the ancient civilisations of the West, of Greece and Rome, had their origins on Asiatic soil.

According to Hosaka Masayasu [ ja ] , one of the reasons why figures like Miyazaki Toten , Yamada Yoshimasa [ ja ] , and Yamada Junzaburo [ ja ] supported Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary movement was because the ideals of the Meiji Restoration or the Freedom and People's Rights Movement could not be realized in Japan, and they sought to compensate for that failure.

For him, Japan's Twenty-One Demands on China represented a betrayal of the "revolutionary aspirations" of the Meiji patriots and advanced Japan's policy of aggression against China. During his lifetime, Sun Yat-sen had a wide range of relationships with Japanese people. He also became friends with Minakata Kumagusu , and their friendship deepened after they met while Sun was in exile in London.

This speech distinguished between the "kingly way" of the East and the "hegemonic way" of the West, praising the kingly way of the East, and condemning Japan's tilt towards hegemonic ways due to excess, while also praising Japan's modernization as a leader in this regard. This speech criticized Western colonialism while praising Japan's modernization and civilization.

It also criticized Japan for becoming a follower of Western colonialism and advocated for cooperation among Asians. At age 20, Sun had an arranged marriage with the fellow villager Lu Muzhen. The couple adopted a local girl as their daughter. Cuifen subsequently relocated to China, where she died. During Sun's exile in Japan, he had relationships with two Japanese women: the year-old Haru Asada , whom he took as a concubine up to her death in , and another year-old schoolgirl, Kaoru Otsuki , whom Sun married in and abandoned the next year while she was pregnant.

Although Charles had been a personal friend of Sun, he was enraged by Sun announcing his intention to marry Ching-ling because while Sun was a Christian, he kept two wives : Lu Muzhen and Kaoru Otsuki. Soong viewed Sun's actions as running directly against their shared religion. There are also numerous parks, schools, and geographical features named after him.

Xiangshan, Sun's hometown in Guangdong, was renamed Zhongshan in his honor, and there is a hall dedicated to his memory at the Temple of Azure Clouds in Beijing. There are also a series of Sun Yat-sen stamps. Zhongshan Memorial Middle School has also been a name used by many schools. Zhongshan Park is also a common name used for a number of places named after him.

The first highway in Taiwan is called the Sun Yat-sen expressway. There are streets named after him in Astrakhan , Ufa and Aldan. There was a street that was named after Sun in the Russian city of Omsk until , when it was renamed in honor of the recipient of the title Hero of Soviet Union Mikhail Ivanovich Leonov. As a dedication, the Chinese Cultural Renaissance was launched on Sun's birthday on 12 November.

The "Trail of Dr. The Dr. In Los Angeles , there is a seated statue of him in Central Plaza. There is also the Moscow Sun Yat-sen University. In late , the Chinese Youth Society of Melbourne , in celebration of the th anniversary of the founding of the Republic of China , unveiled in a lion dance blessing ceremony a memorial statue of Sun outside the Chinese Museum in the city's Chinatown on the spot that its traditional Chinese New Year lion dance always ends.

In , a statue of Dr. A fictionalized assassination attempt on his life was featured in Bodyguards and Assassins. In , a film commemoration of the th anniversary of the Chinese Revolution, Winston Chao played Sun. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects.

Chinese revolutionary and statesman, founder of the Republic of China and Kuomintang — For the female footballer, see Sun Wen footballer. In this Chinese name , the family name is Sun. Father of the Nation [ a ] Forerunner of the Revolution.

Describe sun yat sen biography of dr

Lu Muzhen. Kaoru Otsuki. Soong Ching-ling. Sun Yat-sen's voice. Names [ edit ]. Main article: Names of Sun Yat-sen.