Brief biography of apolinario mabini

When the plans of the Katipunan were discovered by Spanish authorities, and the first active phase of the Philippine Revolution began in earnest, Mabini, still ill, was arrested along with numerous other members of La Liga Filipina. Thirteen patriots, later known as the " Thirteen Martyrs of Cavite ", were arrested in Cavite, tried and eventually executed.

When the Spanish authorities saw that Mabini was paralyzed, however, they decided to release him. Sent to the hospital after his arrest, Mabini remained in ill health for a considerable time. It took hundreds of men taking turns carrying his hammock to portage Mabini to Kawit. He continued to serve as the chief adviser for General Aguinaldo after the Philippine Declaration of Independence on June He drafted decrees and edited the constitution for the First Philippine Republic, including the framework of the revolutionary government which was implemented in Malolos in Shortly after Aguinaldo's return to the Philippines from exile in Hong Kong in May , he tasked Mabini with helping him establish a government.

Mabini authored the June 18, , decree which established the Dictatorial Government of the Philippines. He then led the first cabinet of the republic. Mabini found himself in the center of the most critical period in the new country's history, grappling with problems until then unimagined. Most notable of these were his negotiations with Americans, which began on March 6, The United States and the Philippine Republic were embroiled in extremely contentious and eventually violent confrontations.

During the negotiations for peace, Americans proffered Mabini autonomy for Aguinaldo's new government, but the talks failed because Mabini's conditions included a ceasefire , which was rejected. Mabini negotiated once again, seeking for an armistice instead, but the talks failed yet again. Eventually, feeling that the Americans were not negotiating 'bona fide,' he forswore the Americans and supported war.

He resigned from government on May 7, Sionil Jose :. On the day he sailed, he issued this statement to the press: [ 18 ]. After two long years I am returning, so to speak, completely disoriented and, what is worse, almost overcome by disease and sufferings. Nevertheless, I hope, after some time of rest and study, still to be of some use, unless I have returned to the Islands for the sole purpose of dying.

Mabini resumed his work of agitating for independence for the Philippines soon after his return from exile. Not long after his return, Mabini died of cholera at home along Calle Nagtahan, Manila on May 13, , [ 20 ] at the age of 38, after consuming an unpasteurized and contaminated carabao milk. His funeral at the Binondo Church was attended by around 8, people, mostly Filipinos, including the foremost members of the Iglesia Filipina Independiente who took over and occupied the Binondo Church at the time.

His remains were initially interred at the Manila Chinese Cemetery , marked by a triangular pyramid symbolizing his Masonic beliefs on a raised pedestal. Subsequently, they were transferred to the Mausoleo de los Veteranos de la Revolucion in the nearby Manila North Cemetery before finally being relocated to the newly-inaugurated Apolinario Mabini Shrine in Tanauan, Batangas , on his 92nd birth anniversary on July 23, Mabini's complex contributions to Philippine History are often distilled into two historical monikers - " Brains of the Revolution, " and " Sublime Paralytic ".

Contemporary historians such as Ambeth Ocampo point out, though, that these two monikers are reductionist and simplistic, and "do not do justice to the hero's life and legacy. Because of his role as advisor during the formation of the revolutionary government, and his contributions as statesman thereafter, Mabini is often referred to as the "Brains of the Revolution", a historical moniker he sometimes shares with Emilio Jacinto , who served in a similar capacity for the earlier revolutionary movement, the Katipunan.

Mabini is also famous for having achieved all this despite having lost the use of his legs to polio just prior to the Philippine revolution. Even during his lifetime, there were controversial rumors regarding the cause of Mabini's paralysis. Infighting among members of the Malolos congress led to the spread of rumors that Mabini's paralysis had been caused by venereal disease - specifically, syphilis.

This was finally debunked in , when Mabini's bones were exhumed and the autopsy proved conclusively that the cause of his paralysis was polio. This information reached National Artist F. By the time the historian Ambeth Ocampo told him about the autopsy results, he had already published Po-on , the first novel of his Rosales Saga.

That novel contained plot points based on the premise that Mabini had indeed become a paralytic due to syphilis. In later editions of the book, [ 33 ] the novelist corrected the error and issued an apology, which reads in part:. I committed a horrible blunder in the first edition of Po-on. No apology to the august memory of Mabini no matter how deeply felt will ever suffice to undo the damage that I did According to historian Ambeth Ocampo who told me this too late, this calumny against Mabini was spread by the wealthy mestizos around Aguinaldo who wanted Mabini's ethical and ideological influence cut off.

They succeeded. So, what else in our country has changed? In the later editions, Mabini's disease - an important plot point - was changed to an undefined liver ailment.

Brief biography of apolinario mabini

The ailing Mabini takes pride in the fact that his symptoms are definitely not those of syphilis, despite the rumors spread by his detractors in the Philippine Revolutionary government. The Revolution failed because it was badly directed, because its leader won his post not with praiseworthy but with blameworthy acts, because instead of employing the most useful men of the nation he jealously discarded them.

Believing that the advance of the people was no more than his own personal advance, he did not rate men according to their ability, character and patriotism but according to the degree of friendship or kinship binding him to them; and wanting to have favorites willing to sacrifice themselves for him, he showed himself lenient to their faults.

Because he disdained the people, he could not but fall like an idol of wax melting in the heat of adversity. May we never forget such a terrible lesson learned at the cost of unspeakable sufferings! Mabini is a highly educated young man who, unfortunately, is paralyzed. He has a classical education, a very flexible, imaginative mind, and Mabini's views were more comprehensive than any of the Filipinos that I have met.

His idea was a dream of a Malay confederacy. Thus, in Article 17 of the Malolos Constitution he drafted, he included a provision stating the right of the women to vote and to study in public institutions of learning. According to the Official Gazette of the Philippines, the result was overwhelming: 90 percent agreed that women have the right to vote.

In December of the same year, Filipino women voted in the national elections for the first time. Icon for persons with disabilities. Mabini was not born a paralytic. He was only Therefore, he can be a man without feet, as long as he possesses the brains and able hands for the office. It was conferred by the Philippine President to individuals, groups and institutions whose work and accomplishments in the last five years promoted the human rights and dignity of Filipinos with disabilities.

Support for public education. He experienced hardships in his entire student life. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Apolinario Mabini. This short article about a person or group of people can be made longer. You can help Wikipedia by adding to it. Categories : births deaths Filipino autobiographers Filipino educators Filipino journalists Prime Ministers of the Philippines Infectious disease deaths in the Philippines Deaths from cholera Politicians from Calabarzon People from Batangas.

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